| 1 | <?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE topic PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DITA Topic//EN" "topic.dtd">
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| 3 | <topic xml:lang="en-us" id="headless-vm-steps">
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| 4 | <title>Step by Step: Creating a Virtual Machine on a Headless Server</title>
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| 5 |
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| 6 | <body>
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| 7 | <p>
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| 8 | The following instructions describe how to create a virtual
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| 9 | machine on a headless server over a network connection. This
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| 10 | example creates a virtual machine, establishes an RDP connection
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| 11 | and installs a guest operating system. All of these tasks are
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| 12 | done without having to touch the headless server. You need the
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| 13 | following prerequisites:
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| 14 | </p>
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| 15 | <ul>
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| 16 | <li>
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| 17 | <p>
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| 18 | Oracle VM VirtualBox on a server machine with a supported host
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| 19 | operating system. The Oracle VM VirtualBox Extension Pack for the
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| 20 | VRDP server must be installed, see <xref href="vrde.dita#vrde"/>.
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| 21 | The procedures assume a Linux server is used.
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| 22 | </p>
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| 23 | </li>
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| 24 | <li>
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| 25 | <p>
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| 26 | An ISO file accessible from the server, containing the
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| 27 | installation data for the guest operating system to install.
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| 28 | Windows XP is used in the example.
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| 29 | </p>
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| 30 | </li>
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| 31 | <li>
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| 32 | <p>
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| 33 | A terminal connection to that host through which you can
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| 34 | access a command line, such as <userinput>ssh</userinput>.
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| 35 | </p>
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| 36 | </li>
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| 37 | <li>
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| 38 | <p>
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| 39 | An RDP viewer on the remote client. See
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| 40 | <xref href="rdp-viewers.dita#rdp-viewers"/> for examples.
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| 41 | </p>
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| 42 | </li>
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| 43 | </ul>
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| 44 | <p>
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| 45 | Note that on the server machine, since we will only use the
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| 46 | headless server, Qt and the X Window system are not required.
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| 47 | </p>
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| 48 | <ol>
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| 49 | <li>
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| 50 | <p>
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| 51 | On the headless server, create a new virtual machine. For
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| 52 | example:
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| 53 | </p>
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| 54 | <pre xml:space="preserve">VBoxManage createvm --name "Windows XP" --ostype WindowsXP --register</pre>
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| 55 | <p>
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| 56 | If you do not specify <codeph>--register</codeph>, you will
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| 57 | have to manually use the <userinput>registervm</userinput>
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| 58 | command later.
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| 59 | </p>
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| 60 | <p>
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| 61 | You do not need to specify <codeph>--ostype</codeph>, but
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| 62 | doing so selects some sensible default values for certain VM
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| 63 | parameters. For example, the RAM size and the type of the
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| 64 | virtual network device. To get a complete list of supported
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| 65 | operating systems you can use the following command:
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| 66 | </p>
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| 67 | <pre xml:space="preserve">VBoxManage list ostypes</pre>
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| 68 | </li>
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| 69 | <li>
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| 70 | <p>
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| 71 | Make sure the settings for the VM are appropriate for the
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| 72 | guest operating system that we will install. For example:
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| 73 | </p>
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| 74 | <pre xml:space="preserve">VBoxManage modifyvm "Windows XP" --memory 256 --acpi on --boot1 dvd --nic1 nat</pre>
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| 75 | </li>
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| 76 | <li>
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| 77 | <p>
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| 78 | Create a virtual hard disk for the VM. For example, to
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| 79 | create a 10 GB virtual hard disk:
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| 80 | </p>
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| 81 | <pre xml:space="preserve">VBoxManage createhd --filename "WinXP.vdi" --size 10000</pre>
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| 82 | </li>
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| 83 | <li>
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| 84 | <p>
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| 85 | Add an IDE Controller to the new VM. For example:
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| 86 | </p>
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| 87 | <pre xml:space="preserve">VBoxManage storagectl "Windows XP" --name "IDE Controller"
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| 88 | --add ide --controller PIIX4</pre>
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| 89 | </li>
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| 90 | <li>
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| 91 | <p>
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| 92 | Set the VDI file you created as the first virtual hard disk
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| 93 | of the new VM. For example:
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| 94 | </p>
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| 95 | <pre xml:space="preserve">VBoxManage storageattach "Windows XP" --storagectl "IDE Controller"
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| 96 | --port 0 --device 0 --type hdd --medium "WinXP.vdi"</pre>
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| 97 | </li>
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| 98 | <li>
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| 99 | <p>
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| 100 | Attach the ISO file that contains the operating system
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| 101 | installation that you want to install later to the virtual
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| 102 | machine. This is done so that the VM can boot from it.
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| 103 | </p>
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| 104 | <pre xml:space="preserve">VBoxManage storageattach "Windows XP" --storagectl "IDE Controller"
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| 105 | --port 0 --device 1 --type dvddrive --medium /full/path/to/iso.iso</pre>
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| 106 | </li>
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| 107 | <li>
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| 108 | <p>
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| 109 | Enable the VirtualBox Remote Desktop Extension, the VRDP
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| 110 | server, as follows:
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| 111 | </p>
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| 112 | <pre xml:space="preserve">VBoxManage modifyvm "Windows XP" --vrde on</pre>
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| 113 | </li>
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| 114 | <li>
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| 115 | <p>
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| 116 | Start the virtual machine using the
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| 117 | <userinput>VBoxHeadless</userinput> command:
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| 118 | </p>
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| 119 | <pre xml:space="preserve">VBoxHeadless --startvm "Windows XP"</pre>
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| 120 | <p>
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| 121 | If the configuration steps worked, you should see a
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| 122 | copyright notice. If you are returned to the command line,
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| 123 | then something did not work correctly.
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| 124 | </p>
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| 125 | </li>
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| 126 | <li>
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| 127 | <p>
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| 128 | On the client machine, start the RDP viewer and connect to
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| 129 | the server. See <xref href="rdp-viewers.dita#rdp-viewers"/> for details
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| 130 | of how to use various common RDP viewers.
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| 131 | </p>
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| 132 | <p>
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| 133 | The installation routine of your guest operating system
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| 134 | should be displayed in the RDP viewer.
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| 135 | </p>
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| 136 | </li>
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| 137 | </ol>
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| 138 | </body>
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| 139 |
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| 140 | </topic>
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