1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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3 | <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
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4 | <head>
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5 | <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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6 | <meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.18: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
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7 | <title>TestBoxImaging.txt</title>
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8 | <style type="text/css">
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9 |
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10 | /*
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11 | :Author: David Goodger ([email protected])
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12 | :Id: $Id: TestBoxImaging.html 96564 2022-09-01 09:06:13Z vboxsync $
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13 | :Copyright: This stylesheet has been placed in the public domain.
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14 |
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15 | Default cascading style sheet for the HTML output of Docutils.
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16 |
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17 | See http://docutils.sf.net/docs/howto/html-stylesheets.html for how to
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18 | customize this style sheet.
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19 | */
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20 |
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93 | /* Uncomment (and remove this text!) to get reduced vertical space in
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94 | compound paragraphs.
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100 | */
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155 |
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156 | div.topic {
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157 | margin: 2em }
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158 |
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159 | h1.section-subtitle, h2.section-subtitle, h3.section-subtitle,
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161 | margin-top: 0.4em }
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162 |
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163 | h1.title {
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168 |
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175 | margin-right: 1em }
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176 |
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179 | float: right ;
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180 | margin-left: 1em }
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181 |
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182 | img.align-center, .figure.align-center, object.align-center {
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183 | display: block;
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184 | margin-left: auto;
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185 | margin-right: auto;
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186 | }
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187 |
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188 | table.align-center {
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189 | margin-left: auto;
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190 | margin-right: auto;
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191 | }
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192 |
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193 | .align-left {
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194 | text-align: left }
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195 |
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196 | .align-center {
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197 | clear: both ;
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198 | text-align: center }
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199 |
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200 | .align-right {
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201 | text-align: right }
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202 |
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203 | /* reset inner alignment in figures */
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204 | div.align-right {
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205 | text-align: inherit }
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206 |
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207 | /* div.align-center * { */
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208 | /* text-align: left } */
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209 |
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210 | .align-top {
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211 | vertical-align: top }
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212 |
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213 | .align-middle {
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214 | vertical-align: middle }
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215 |
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216 | .align-bottom {
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217 | vertical-align: bottom }
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218 |
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219 | ol.simple, ul.simple {
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220 | margin-bottom: 1em }
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221 |
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222 | ol.arabic {
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223 | list-style: decimal }
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224 |
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225 | ol.loweralpha {
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226 | list-style: lower-alpha }
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227 |
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228 | ol.upperalpha {
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230 |
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231 | ol.lowerroman {
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232 | list-style: lower-roman }
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233 |
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234 | ol.upperroman {
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235 | list-style: upper-roman }
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236 |
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237 | p.attribution {
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238 | text-align: right ;
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239 | margin-left: 50% }
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240 |
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241 | p.caption {
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242 | font-style: italic }
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243 |
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244 | p.credits {
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245 | font-style: italic ;
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246 | font-size: smaller }
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247 |
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248 | p.label {
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249 | white-space: nowrap }
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250 |
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251 | p.rubric {
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253 | font-size: larger ;
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255 | text-align: center }
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256 |
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257 | p.sidebar-title {
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258 | font-family: sans-serif ;
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259 | font-weight: bold ;
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260 | font-size: larger }
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261 |
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262 | p.sidebar-subtitle {
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263 | font-family: sans-serif ;
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264 | font-weight: bold }
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265 |
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266 | p.topic-title {
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267 | font-weight: bold }
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268 |
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269 | pre.address {
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270 | margin-bottom: 0 ;
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271 | margin-top: 0 ;
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272 | font: inherit }
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273 |
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274 | pre.literal-block, pre.doctest-block, pre.math, pre.code {
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275 | margin-left: 2em ;
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276 | margin-right: 2em }
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277 |
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278 | pre.code .ln { color: grey; } /* line numbers */
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279 | pre.code, code { background-color: #eeeeee }
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280 | pre.code .comment, code .comment { color: #5C6576 }
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281 | pre.code .keyword, code .keyword { color: #3B0D06; font-weight: bold }
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282 | pre.code .literal.string, code .literal.string { color: #0C5404 }
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283 | pre.code .name.builtin, code .name.builtin { color: #352B84 }
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284 | pre.code .deleted, code .deleted { background-color: #DEB0A1}
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285 | pre.code .inserted, code .inserted { background-color: #A3D289}
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286 |
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287 | span.classifier {
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288 | font-family: sans-serif ;
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289 | font-style: oblique }
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290 |
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291 | span.classifier-delimiter {
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292 | font-family: sans-serif ;
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293 | font-weight: bold }
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294 |
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295 | span.interpreted {
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296 | font-family: sans-serif }
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297 |
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298 | span.option {
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299 | white-space: nowrap }
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300 |
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301 | span.pre {
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302 | white-space: pre }
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303 |
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304 | span.problematic {
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305 | color: red }
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306 |
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307 | span.section-subtitle {
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308 | /* font-size relative to parent (h1..h6 element) */
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309 | font-size: 80% }
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310 |
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311 | table.citation {
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312 | border-left: solid 1px gray;
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313 | margin-left: 1px }
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314 |
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315 | table.docinfo {
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316 | margin: 2em 4em }
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317 |
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318 | table.docutils {
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319 | margin-top: 0.5em ;
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320 | margin-bottom: 0.5em }
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321 |
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322 | table.footnote {
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323 | border-left: solid 1px black;
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324 | margin-left: 1px }
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325 |
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326 | table.docutils td, table.docutils th,
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327 | table.docinfo td, table.docinfo th {
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328 | padding-left: 0.5em ;
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329 | padding-right: 0.5em ;
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330 | vertical-align: top }
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331 |
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332 | table.docutils th.field-name, table.docinfo th.docinfo-name {
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333 | font-weight: bold ;
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334 | text-align: left ;
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335 | white-space: nowrap ;
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336 | padding-left: 0 }
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337 |
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338 | /* "booktabs" style (no vertical lines) */
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339 | table.docutils.booktabs {
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340 | border: 0px;
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341 | border-top: 2px solid;
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342 | border-bottom: 2px solid;
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343 | border-collapse: collapse;
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344 | }
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345 | table.docutils.booktabs * {
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346 | border: 0px;
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347 | }
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348 | table.docutils.booktabs th {
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349 | border-bottom: thin solid;
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350 | text-align: left;
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351 | }
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352 |
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353 | h1 tt.docutils, h2 tt.docutils, h3 tt.docutils,
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354 | h4 tt.docutils, h5 tt.docutils, h6 tt.docutils {
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355 | font-size: 100% }
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356 |
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357 | ul.auto-toc {
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358 | list-style-type: none }
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359 |
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360 | </style>
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361 | </head>
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362 | <body>
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363 | <div class="document">
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364 |
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365 |
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366 | <div class="section" id="testbox-imaging-backup-restore">
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367 | <h1>Testbox Imaging (Backup / Restore)</h1>
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368 | <div class="section" id="introduction">
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369 | <h2>Introduction</h2>
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370 | <p>This document is explores deploying a very simple drive imaging solution to help
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371 | avoid needing to manually reinstall testboxes when a disk goes bust or the OS
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372 | install seems to be corrupted.</p>
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373 | </div>
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374 | </div>
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375 | <div class="section" id="definitions-glossary">
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376 | <h1>Definitions / Glossary</h1>
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377 | <p>See AutomaticTestingRevamp.txt.</p>
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378 | </div>
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379 | <div class="section" id="objectives">
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380 | <h1>Objectives</h1>
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381 | <blockquote>
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382 | <ul class="simple">
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383 | <li>Off site, no admin interaction (no need for ILOM or similar).</li>
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384 | <li>OS independent.</li>
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385 | <li>Space and bandwidth efficient.</li>
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386 | <li>As automatic as possible.</li>
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387 | <li>Logging.</li>
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388 | </ul>
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389 | </blockquote>
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390 | </div>
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391 | <div class="section" id="overview-of-the-solution">
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392 | <h1>Overview of the Solution</h1>
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393 | <p>Here is a brief summary:</p>
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394 | <blockquote>
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395 | <ul class="simple">
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396 | <li>Always boot testboxes via PXE using PXELINUX.</li>
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397 | <li>Default configuration is local boot (hard disk / SSD)</li>
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398 | <li>Restore/backup action triggered by machine specific PXE config.</li>
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399 | <li>Boots special debian maintenance install off NFS.</li>
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400 | <li>A maintenance service (systemd style) does the work.</li>
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401 | <li>The service reads action from TFTP location and performs it.</li>
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402 | <li>When done the service removes the TFTP machine specific config
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403 | and reboots the system.</li>
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404 | </ul>
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405 | </blockquote>
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406 | <dl class="docutils">
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407 | <dt>Maintenance actions are:</dt>
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408 | <dd><ul class="first last simple">
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409 | <li>backup</li>
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410 | <li>backup-again</li>
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411 | <li>restore</li>
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412 | <li>refresh-info</li>
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413 | <li>rescue</li>
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414 | </ul>
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415 | </dd>
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416 | </dl>
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417 | <p>Possible modifier that indicates a subset of disk on testboxes with other OSes
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418 | installed. Support for partition level backup/restore is not explored here.</p>
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419 | <div class="section" id="how-to-use">
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420 | <h2>How to use</h2>
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421 | <p>To perform one of the above maintenance actions on a testbox, run the
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422 | <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">testbox-pxe-conf.sh</span></tt> script:</p>
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423 | <pre class="literal-block">
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424 | /mnt/testbox-tftp/pxeclient.cfg/testbox-pxe-conf.sh 10.165.98.220 rescue
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425 | </pre>
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426 | <p>Then trigger a reboot. The box will then boot the NFS rooted debian image and
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427 | execute the maintenance action. On success, it will remove the testbox hex-IP
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428 | config file and reboot again.</p>
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429 | </div>
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430 | </div>
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431 | <div class="section" id="storage-server">
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432 | <h1>Storage Server</h1>
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433 | <p>The storage server will have three areas used here. Using NFS for all three
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434 | avoids extra work getting CIFS sharing right too (NFS is already a pain).</p>
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435 | <blockquote>
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436 | <ol class="arabic simple">
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437 | <li>/export/testbox-tftp - TFTP config area. Read-write.</li>
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438 | <li>/export/testbox-backup - Images and logs. Read-write.</li>
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439 | <li>/export/testbox-nfsroot - Custom debian. Read-only, no root squash.</li>
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440 | </ol>
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441 | </blockquote>
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442 | </div>
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443 | <div class="section" id="tftp-export-testbox-tftp">
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444 | <h1>TFTP (/export/testbox-tftp)</h1>
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445 | <p>The testbox-tftp share needs to be writable, root squashing is okay.</p>
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446 | <p>We need files from both PXELINUX and SYSLINUX to make this work now. On a
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447 | debian system, the <tt class="docutils literal">pxelinux</tt> and <tt class="docutils literal">syslinux</tt> packages needs to be
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448 | installed. We actually do this further down when setting up the nfsroot, so
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449 | it's possible to get them from there by postponing this step a little. On
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450 | debian 8.6.0 the PXELINUX files are found in <tt class="docutils literal">/usr/lib/PXELINUX</tt> and the
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451 | SYSLINUX ones in <tt class="docutils literal">/usr/lib/syslinux</tt>.</p>
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452 | <p>The initial PXE image as well as associated modules comes in three variants,
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453 | BIOS, 32-bit EFI and 64-bit EFI. We'll only need the BIOS one for now.
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454 | Perform the following copy operations:</p>
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455 | <pre class="literal-block">
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456 | cp /usr/lib/PXELINUX/pxelinux.0 /mnt/testbox-tftp/
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457 | cp /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/*/ldlinux.* /mnt/testbox-tftp/
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458 | cp -R /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios /mnt/testbox-tftp/
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459 | cp -R /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/efi32 /mnt/testbox-tftp/
|
---|
460 | cp -R /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/efi64 /mnt/testbox-tftp/
|
---|
461 | </pre>
|
---|
462 | <p>For simplicity, all the testboxes boot using good old fashioned BIOS, no EFI.
|
---|
463 | However, it doesn't really hurt to be prepared.</p>
|
---|
464 | <p>The PXELINUX related files goes in the root of the testbox-tftp share. (As
|
---|
465 | mentioned further down, these can be installed on a debian system by running
|
---|
466 | <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">apt-get</span> install pxelinux syslinux</tt>.) We need the <tt class="docutils literal">*pxelinux.0</tt> files
|
---|
467 | typically found in <tt class="docutils literal">/usr/lib/PXELINUX/</tt> on debian systems (recent ones
|
---|
468 | anyway). It is possible we may need one ore more fo the modules <a class="footnote-reference" href="#footnote-1" id="footnote-reference-1">[1]</a> that
|
---|
469 | ships with PXELINUX/SYSLINUX, so do copy <tt class="docutils literal">/usr/lib/syslinux/modules</tt> to
|
---|
470 | <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">testbox-tftp/modules</span></tt> as well.</p>
|
---|
471 | <p>The directory layout related to the configuration files is dictated by the
|
---|
472 | PXELINUX configuration file searching algorithm <a class="footnote-reference" href="#footnote-2" id="footnote-reference-2">[2]</a>. Create a subdirectory
|
---|
473 | <tt class="docutils literal">pxelinux.cfg/</tt> under <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">testbox-tftp</span></tt> and create the world readable file
|
---|
474 | <tt class="docutils literal">default</tt> with the following content:</p>
|
---|
475 | <pre class="literal-block">
|
---|
476 | PATH bios
|
---|
477 | DEFAULT local-boot
|
---|
478 | LABEL local-boot
|
---|
479 | LOCALBOOT
|
---|
480 | </pre>
|
---|
481 | <p>This will make the default behavior to boot the local disk system.</p>
|
---|
482 | <p>Copy the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">testbox-pxe-conf.sh</span></tt> script file found in the same directory as
|
---|
483 | this document to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/mnt/testbox-tftp/pxelinux.cfg/</span></tt>. Edit the copy to correct
|
---|
484 | the IP addresses near the top, as well as any linux, TFTP and PXE details near
|
---|
485 | the bottom of the file. This script will generate the PXE configuration file
|
---|
486 | when performing maintenance on a testbox.</p>
|
---|
487 | </div>
|
---|
488 | <div class="section" id="images-and-logs-export-testbox-backup">
|
---|
489 | <h1>Images and logs (/export/testbox-backup)</h1>
|
---|
490 | <p>The testbox-backup share needs to be writable, root squashing is okay.</p>
|
---|
491 | <p>In the root there must be a file <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">testbox-backup</span></tt> so we can easily tell
|
---|
492 | whether we've actually mounted the share or are just staring at an empty mount
|
---|
493 | point directory.</p>
|
---|
494 | <p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">testbox-maintenance.sh</span></tt> script maintains a global log in the root
|
---|
495 | directory that's called <tt class="docutils literal">maintenance.log</tt>. Errors will be logged there as
|
---|
496 | well as a ping and the action.</p>
|
---|
497 | <p>We use a directory layout based on dotted decimal IP addresses here, so for a
|
---|
498 | server with the IP 10.40.41.42 all its file will be under <tt class="docutils literal">10.40.41.42/</tt>:</p>
|
---|
499 | <dl class="docutils">
|
---|
500 | <dt><tt class="docutils literal"><hostname></tt></dt>
|
---|
501 | <dd>The name of the testbox (empty file). Help finding a testbox by name.</dd>
|
---|
502 | <dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">testbox-info.txt</span></tt></dt>
|
---|
503 | <dd>Information about the testbox. Starting off with the name, decimal IP,
|
---|
504 | PXELINUX style hexadecimal IP, and more.</dd>
|
---|
505 | <dt><tt class="docutils literal">maintenance.log</tt></dt>
|
---|
506 | <dd>Maintenance log file recording what the maintenance service does.</dd>
|
---|
507 | <dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">disk-devices.lst</span></tt></dt>
|
---|
508 | <dd>Optional list of disk devices to consider backuping up or restoring. This is
|
---|
509 | intended for testboxes with additional disks that are used for other purposes
|
---|
510 | and should touched.</dd>
|
---|
511 | <dt><tt class="docutils literal">sda.raw.gz</tt></dt>
|
---|
512 | <dd>The gzipped raw copy of the sda device of the testbox.</dd>
|
---|
513 | <dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sd[bcdefgh].raw.gz</span></tt></dt>
|
---|
514 | <dd>The gzipped raw copy sdb, sdc, sde, sdf, sdg, sdh, etc if any of them exists
|
---|
515 | and are disks/SSDs.</dd>
|
---|
516 | <dt>Note! If it turns out we can be certain to get a valid host name, we might just</dt>
|
---|
517 | <dd>switch to use the hostname as the directory name instead of the IP.</dd>
|
---|
518 | </dl>
|
---|
519 | </div>
|
---|
520 | <div class="section" id="debian-nfs-root-export-testbox-nfsroot">
|
---|
521 | <h1>Debian NFS root (/export/testbox-nfsroot)</h1>
|
---|
522 | <p>The testbox-nfsroot share should be read-only and must <strong>not</strong> have root
|
---|
523 | squashing enabled. Also, make sure setting the set-uid-bit is allowed by the
|
---|
524 | server, or <tt class="docutils literal">su` and ``sudo</tt> won't work</p>
|
---|
525 | <p>There are several ways of creating a debian nfsroot, but since we've got a
|
---|
526 | tool like VirtualBox around we've just installed it in a VM, prepared it,
|
---|
527 | and copied it onto the NFS server share.</p>
|
---|
528 | <p>As of writing debian 8.6.0 is current, so a minimal 64-bit install of it was
|
---|
529 | done in a VM. After installation the following modifications was done:</p>
|
---|
530 | <blockquote>
|
---|
531 | <ul>
|
---|
532 | <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">apt-get</span> install pxelinux syslinux <span class="pre">initramfs-tools</span> zip gddrescue sudo joe</tt>
|
---|
533 | and optionally <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">apt-get</span> install smbclient <span class="pre">cifs-utils</span></tt>.</p>
|
---|
534 | </li>
|
---|
535 | <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal">/etc/default/grub</tt> was modified to set <tt class="docutils literal">GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT</tt> to
|
---|
536 | <tt class="docutils literal">""</tt> instead of <tt class="docutils literal">"quiet"</tt>. This allows us to see messages during boot
|
---|
537 | and perhaps spot why something doesn't work on a testbox. Regenerate the
|
---|
538 | grub configuration file by running <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">update-grub</span></tt> afterwards.</p>
|
---|
539 | </li>
|
---|
540 | <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal">/etc/sudoers</tt> was modified to allow the <tt class="docutils literal">vbox</tt> user use sudo without
|
---|
541 | requring any password.</p>
|
---|
542 | </li>
|
---|
543 | <li><p class="first">Create the directory <tt class="docutils literal">/etc/systemd/system/getty@tty1.service.d</tt> and create
|
---|
544 | the file <tt class="docutils literal">noclear.conf</tt> in it with the following content:</p>
|
---|
545 | <pre class="literal-block">
|
---|
546 | [Service]
|
---|
547 | TTYVTDisallocate=no
|
---|
548 | </pre>
|
---|
549 | <p>This stops getty from clearing VT1 and let us see the tail of the boot up
|
---|
550 | messages, which includes messages from the testbox-maintenance service.</p>
|
---|
551 | </li>
|
---|
552 | <li><p class="first">Mount the testbox-nfsroot under <tt class="docutils literal">/mnt/</tt> with write privileges. (The write
|
---|
553 | privileges are temporary - don't forget to remove them later on.):</p>
|
---|
554 | <pre class="literal-block">
|
---|
555 | mount -t nfs myserver.com:/export/testbox-nfsroot
|
---|
556 | </pre>
|
---|
557 | <p>Note! Adding <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-o</span> nfsvers=3</tt> may help with some NTFv4 servers.</p>
|
---|
558 | </li>
|
---|
559 | <li><p class="first">Copy the debian root and dev file system onto nfsroot. If you have ssh
|
---|
560 | access to the NFS server, the quickest way to do it is to use <tt class="docutils literal">tar</tt>:</p>
|
---|
561 | <pre class="literal-block">
|
---|
562 | tar -cz --one-file-system -f /mnt/testbox-maintenance-nfsroot.tar.gz . dev/
|
---|
563 | </pre>
|
---|
564 | <p>An alternative is <tt class="docutils literal">cp <span class="pre">-ax</span> . /mnt/. && cp <span class="pre">-ax</span> dev/. /mnt/dev/.</tt> but this
|
---|
565 | is quite a bit slower, obviously.</p>
|
---|
566 | </li>
|
---|
567 | <li><p class="first">Edit <tt class="docutils literal">/etc/ssh/sshd_config</tt> setting <tt class="docutils literal">PermitRootLogin</tt> to <tt class="docutils literal">yes</tt> so we can ssh
|
---|
568 | in as root later on.</p>
|
---|
569 | </li>
|
---|
570 | <li><p class="first">chroot into the nfsroot: <tt class="docutils literal">chroot /mnt/</tt></p>
|
---|
571 | <blockquote>
|
---|
572 | <ul>
|
---|
573 | <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal">mount <span class="pre">-o</span> proc proc /proc</tt></p>
|
---|
574 | </li>
|
---|
575 | <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal">mount <span class="pre">-o</span> sysfs sysfs /sys</tt></p>
|
---|
576 | </li>
|
---|
577 | <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal">mkdir <span class="pre">/mnt/testbox-tftp</span> <span class="pre">/mnt/testbox-backup</span></tt></p>
|
---|
578 | </li>
|
---|
579 | <li><p class="first">Recreate <tt class="docutils literal">/etc/fstab</tt> with:</p>
|
---|
580 | <pre class="literal-block">
|
---|
581 | proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
|
---|
582 | /dev/nfs / nfs defaults 1 1
|
---|
583 | 10.42.1.1:/export/testbox-tftp /mnt/testbox-tftp nfs tcp,nfsvers=3,noauto 2 2
|
---|
584 | 10.42.1.1:/export/testbox-backup /mnt/testbox-backup nfs tcp,nfsvers=3,noauto 3 3
|
---|
585 | </pre>
|
---|
586 | <p>We use NFS version 3 as that works better for our NFS server and client,
|
---|
587 | remove if not necessary. The <tt class="docutils literal">noauto</tt> option is to work around mount
|
---|
588 | trouble during early bootup on some of our boxes.</p>
|
---|
589 | </li>
|
---|
590 | <li><p class="first">Do <tt class="docutils literal">mount <span class="pre">/mnt/testbox-tftp</span> && mount <span class="pre">/mnt/testbox-backup</span></tt> to mount the
|
---|
591 | two shares. This may be a good time to execute the instructions in the
|
---|
592 | sections above relating to these two shares.</p>
|
---|
593 | </li>
|
---|
594 | <li><p class="first">Edit <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/etc/initramfs-tools/initramfs.conf</span></tt> and change the <tt class="docutils literal">MODULES</tt>
|
---|
595 | value from <tt class="docutils literal">most</tt> to <tt class="docutils literal">netboot</tt>.</p>
|
---|
596 | </li>
|
---|
597 | <li><p class="first">Append <tt class="docutils literal">aufs</tt> to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/etc/initramfs-tools/modules</span></tt>. The advanced
|
---|
598 | multi-layered unification filesystem (aufs) enables us to use a
|
---|
599 | read-only NFS root. <a class="footnote-reference" href="#footnote-3" id="footnote-reference-3">[3]</a> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#footnote-4" id="footnote-reference-4">[4]</a> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#footnote-5" id="footnote-reference-5">[5]</a></p>
|
---|
600 | </li>
|
---|
601 | <li><p class="first">Create <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/etc/initramfs-tools/scripts/init-bottom/00_aufs_init</span></tt> as
|
---|
602 | an executable file with the following content:</p>
|
---|
603 | <pre class="literal-block">
|
---|
604 | #!/bin/sh
|
---|
605 | # Don't run during update-initramfs:
|
---|
606 | case "$1" in
|
---|
607 | prereqs)
|
---|
608 | exit 0;
|
---|
609 | ;;
|
---|
610 | esac
|
---|
611 |
|
---|
612 | modprobe aufs
|
---|
613 | mkdir -p /ro /rw /aufs
|
---|
614 | mount -t tmpfs tmpfs /rw -o noatime,mode=0755
|
---|
615 | mount --move $rootmnt /ro
|
---|
616 | mount -t aufs aufs /aufs -o noatime,dirs=/rw:/ro=ro
|
---|
617 | mkdir -p /aufs/rw /aufs/ro
|
---|
618 | mount --move /ro /aufs/ro
|
---|
619 | mount --move /rw /aufs/rw
|
---|
620 | mount --move /aufs /root
|
---|
621 | exit 0
|
---|
622 | </pre>
|
---|
623 | </li>
|
---|
624 | <li><p class="first">Update the init ramdisk: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">update-initramfs</span> <span class="pre">-u</span> <span class="pre">-k</span> all</tt></p>
|
---|
625 | <dl class="docutils">
|
---|
626 | <dt>Note! It may be necessary to do <tt class="docutils literal">mount <span class="pre">-t</span> tmpfs tmpfs /var/tmp</tt> to help</dt>
|
---|
627 | <dd><p class="first last">this operation succeed.</p>
|
---|
628 | </dd>
|
---|
629 | </dl>
|
---|
630 | </li>
|
---|
631 | <li><p class="first">Copy <tt class="docutils literal">/boot</tt> to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/mnt/testbox-tftp/maintenance-boot/</span></tt>.</p>
|
---|
632 | </li>
|
---|
633 | <li><p class="first">Copy the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">testbox-maintenance.sh</span></tt> file found in the same directory as this
|
---|
634 | document to <tt class="docutils literal">/root/scripts/</tt> (need to create the dir) and make it
|
---|
635 | executable.</p>
|
---|
636 | </li>
|
---|
637 | <li><p class="first">Create the systemd service file for the maintenance service as
|
---|
638 | <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/etc/systemd/system/testbox-maintenance.service</span></tt> with the content:</p>
|
---|
639 | <pre class="literal-block">
|
---|
640 | [Unit]
|
---|
641 | Description=Testbox Maintenance
|
---|
642 | After=network.target
|
---|
643 | Before=getty@tty1.service
|
---|
644 |
|
---|
645 | [Service]
|
---|
646 | Type=oneshot
|
---|
647 | RemainAfterExit=True
|
---|
648 | ExecStart=/root/scripts/testbox-maintenance.sh
|
---|
649 | ExecStartPre=/bin/echo -e \033%G
|
---|
650 | ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
|
---|
651 | WorkingDirectory=/tmp
|
---|
652 | Environment=TERM=xterm
|
---|
653 | StandardOutput=journal+console
|
---|
654 |
|
---|
655 | [Install]
|
---|
656 | WantedBy=multi-user.target
|
---|
657 | </pre>
|
---|
658 | </li>
|
---|
659 | <li><p class="first">Enable our service: <tt class="docutils literal">systemctl enable <span class="pre">/etc/systemd/system/testbox-maintenance.service</span></tt></p>
|
---|
660 | </li>
|
---|
661 | <li><p class="first">xxxx ... more ???</p>
|
---|
662 | </li>
|
---|
663 | <li><p class="first">Before leaving the chroot, do <tt class="docutils literal">mount /proc /sys <span class="pre">/mnt/testbox-*</span></tt>.</p>
|
---|
664 | </li>
|
---|
665 | </ul>
|
---|
666 | </blockquote>
|
---|
667 | </li>
|
---|
668 | <li><p class="first">Testing the setup from a VM is kind of useful (if the nfs server can be
|
---|
669 | convinced to accept root nfs mounts from non-privileged clinet ports):</p>
|
---|
670 | <blockquote>
|
---|
671 | <ul>
|
---|
672 | <li><p class="first">Create a VM using the 64-bit debian profile. Let's call it "pxe-vm".</p>
|
---|
673 | </li>
|
---|
674 | <li><p class="first">Mount the TFTP share somewhere, like M: or /mnt/testbox-tftp.</p>
|
---|
675 | </li>
|
---|
676 | <li><p class="first">Reconfigure the NAT DHCP and TFTP bits:</p>
|
---|
677 | <pre class="literal-block">
|
---|
678 | VBoxManage setextradata pxe-vm VBoxInternal/PDM/DriverTransformations/pxe/AboveDriver NAT
|
---|
679 | VBoxManage setextradata pxe-vm VBoxInternal/PDM/DriverTransformations/pxe/Action mergeconfig
|
---|
680 | VBoxManage setextradata pxe-vm VBoxInternal/PDM/DriverTransformations/pxe/Config/TFTPPrefix M:/
|
---|
681 | VBoxManage setextradata pxe-vm VBoxInternal/PDM/DriverTransformations/pxe/Config/BootFile pxelinux.0
|
---|
682 | </pre>
|
---|
683 | </li>
|
---|
684 | <li><p class="first">Create the file <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">testbox-tftp/pxelinux.cfg/0A00020F</span></tt> containing:</p>
|
---|
685 | <pre class="literal-block">
|
---|
686 | PATH bios
|
---|
687 | DEFAULT maintenance
|
---|
688 | LABEL maintenance
|
---|
689 | MENU LABEL Maintenance (NFS)
|
---|
690 | KERNEL maintenance-boot/vmlinuz-3.16.0-4-amd64
|
---|
691 | APPEND initrd=maintenance-boot/initrd.img-3.16.0-4-amd64 ro ip=dhcp aufs=tmpfs \
|
---|
692 | boot=nfs root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=10.42.1.1:/export/testbox-nfsroot
|
---|
693 | LABEL local-boot
|
---|
694 | LOCALBOOT
|
---|
695 | </pre>
|
---|
696 | </li>
|
---|
697 | </ul>
|
---|
698 | </blockquote>
|
---|
699 | </li>
|
---|
700 | </ul>
|
---|
701 | </blockquote>
|
---|
702 | </div>
|
---|
703 | <div class="section" id="troubleshooting">
|
---|
704 | <h1>Troubleshooting</h1>
|
---|
705 | <dl class="docutils">
|
---|
706 | <dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PXE-E11</span></tt> or something like <tt class="docutils literal">No ARP reply</tt></dt>
|
---|
707 | <dd>You probably got the TFTP and DHCP on different machines. Try move the TFTP
|
---|
708 | to the same machine as the DHCP, then the PXE stack won't have to do any
|
---|
709 | additional ARP resolving. Google results suggest that a congested network
|
---|
710 | could use the ARP reply to get lost. Our suspicion is that it might also be
|
---|
711 | related to the PXE stack shipping with the NIC.</dd>
|
---|
712 | </dl>
|
---|
713 | <hr class="docutils" />
|
---|
714 | <table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="footnote-1" rules="none">
|
---|
715 | <colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
|
---|
716 | <tbody valign="top">
|
---|
717 | <tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#footnote-reference-1">[1]</a></td><td>See <a class="reference external" href="http://www.syslinux.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Modules">http://www.syslinux.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Modules</a></td></tr>
|
---|
718 | </tbody>
|
---|
719 | </table>
|
---|
720 | <table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="footnote-2" rules="none">
|
---|
721 | <colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
|
---|
722 | <tbody valign="top">
|
---|
723 | <tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#footnote-reference-2">[2]</a></td><td>See <a class="reference external" href="http://www.syslinux.org/wiki/index.php?title=PXELINUX#Configuration">http://www.syslinux.org/wiki/index.php?title=PXELINUX#Configuration</a></td></tr>
|
---|
724 | </tbody>
|
---|
725 | </table>
|
---|
726 | <table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="footnote-3" rules="none">
|
---|
727 | <colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
|
---|
728 | <tbody valign="top">
|
---|
729 | <tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#footnote-reference-3">[3]</a></td><td>See <a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aufs">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aufs</a></td></tr>
|
---|
730 | </tbody>
|
---|
731 | </table>
|
---|
732 | <table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="footnote-4" rules="none">
|
---|
733 | <colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
|
---|
734 | <tbody valign="top">
|
---|
735 | <tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#footnote-reference-4">[4]</a></td><td>See <a class="reference external" href="http://shitwefoundout.com/wiki/Diskless_ubuntu">http://shitwefoundout.com/wiki/Diskless_ubuntu</a></td></tr>
|
---|
736 | </tbody>
|
---|
737 | </table>
|
---|
738 | <table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="footnote-5" rules="none">
|
---|
739 | <colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
|
---|
740 | <tbody valign="top">
|
---|
741 | <tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#footnote-reference-5">[5]</a></td><td>See <a class="reference external" href="http://debianaddict.com/2012/06/19/diskless-debian-linux-booting-via-dhcppxenfstftp/">http://debianaddict.com/2012/06/19/diskless-debian-linux-booting-via-dhcppxenfstftp/</a></td></tr>
|
---|
742 | </tbody>
|
---|
743 | </table>
|
---|
744 | <hr class="docutils" />
|
---|
745 | <table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
|
---|
746 | <col class="field-name" />
|
---|
747 | <col class="field-body" />
|
---|
748 | <tbody valign="top">
|
---|
749 | <tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Status:</th><td class="field-body">$Id: TestBoxImaging.html 96564 2022-09-01 09:06:13Z vboxsync $</td>
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750 | </tr>
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751 | <tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Copyright:</th><td class="field-body">Copyright (C) 2010-2020 Oracle Corporation.</td>
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752 | </tr>
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753 | </tbody>
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754 | </table>
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755 | </div>
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756 | </div>
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757 | </body>
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758 | </html>
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